| Abrantes | |||
| Municipality (Concelho) | |||
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The skyline of the municipal seat of Abrantes
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| Official name: Concelho de Abrantes | |||
| Name origin: aurantes; derived from Latin aurum, for alluvial gold | |||
| Country | Portugal | ||
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| Region | Centro | ||
| Sub-region | Médio Tejo | ||
| District | Santarém | ||
| Municipality | Abrantes | ||
| Civil Parishes | Aldeia do Mato, Alferrarede, Alvega, Bemposta, Carvalhal, Concavada, Fontes, Martinchel, Mouriscas, Pego, Rio de Moinhos, Rossio ao Sul do Tejo, São João, São Facundo, São Miguel do Rio Torto, São Vicente, Souto, Tramagal | ||
| Center | Abrantes | ||
| - elevation | 186 m (610 ft) | ||
| - coordinates | |||
| Lowest point | Sea level | ||
| - location | Atlantic Ocean | ||
| - elevation | 0 m (0 ft) | ||
| Length | 36.98 km (23 mi), West-East | ||
| Width | 45.65 km (28 mi), North-South | ||
| Area | 714.69 km2 (276 sq mi) | ||
| Population | 41,326 (2001) | ||
| Density | 57.82 / km2 (150 / sq mi) | ||
| Settlement | c.300 B.C.E. | ||
| - Municipality | c.1179 | ||
| - Municipality | c.1510 | ||
| - City | 14 June 1916 | ||
| LAU | Concelho/Câmara Municipal | ||
| - location | Praça Raimundo Soares, Abrantes, Santarém | ||
| President | Nélson Marques Carvalho (PS) | ||
| Municipal Chair | Jorge Lacão Costa (PS) | ||
| Timezone | WET (UTC0) | ||
| - summer (DST) | WEST (UTC+1) | ||
| ISO 3166-2 code | PT- | ||
| Postal Zone | 2200-366 Abrantes | ||
| Area Code & Prefix | (+351) 292 XXX-XXXX | ||
| Demonym | Abrantino | ||
| Patron Saint | São Vicente/São João | ||
| Municipal Address | Praça Raimundo Soares 2200-366 Abrantes |
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| Municipal Holidays | 14 June | ||
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Location of the municipality of Abrantes in continental Portugal
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| Wikimedia Commons: Abrantes | |||
| Website: http://www.cm-abrantes.pt | |||
Abrantes (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈβɾɐ̃tɨʃ]) is a municipality in Portugal, with a population of 41,560 inhabitants, located on the southern margin of the Tagus River.
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It is believed that the first settlement in Abrantes was established by the Celts, around 300 BC. Its name developed from the Latin Aurantes, perhaps because of the deposits of alluvial gold (Latin: aurum), that settled along the Tagus. Similarly, Roman mosaics, coins, the remains of ancient aqueducts, as well as other antiquities, have been discovered in the vicinity of Abrantes.
The village of Abrantes and its castle were conquered from the Moors by Afonso Henriques in 1148. After 1172, Abrantes was a Spanish military outpost, under the dominion of the Order of Saint James of Compostela. Later, it became a distinct order, when Pope Nicholas IV (around 1290) released the Order from the jurisdiction of the Spanish grand master in Uclés. It received its municipal foral in 1179, in compensation for its resistance against the Morrocan Abem Jacob. Its creation in 1179, was based on the concelhos perfeitos ("perfect municipality") model; they were formed on the specific day that settlers were invited to populate them; the administrative regime, the organization of the municipal authority and geographic distribution were planned as part of system of populated uninhabited lands, and extending the political influence of the Kingdom. In 1173, the region, including its castle, were donated to the Order of Saint James of the Sword). Its geography contributed to the colonization:
Zone of permanent conflicts, where the Reconquista came to pontual conclusion, the colonization of Monte Abrantino was facilitated by the geographic situation of the mount, situated to the north of the Tagus, which served as a natural frontier and protected it from incursions; the Tagus which was an important source of richness (water, fish, gold, navigation, etc.), a mount situated in the confluence and transition of territories, crossroads of trails between south and norther, free of overflows, with persistent fog, cleansed of good aires, all these were conditions that,...gave the location the conditions necessary to attract colonists, colonization that, it seems, not to have been easy...[1]
On 24 April 1281, King Dinis of Portugal, conceded the ownership of Abrantes to Queen Elizabeth of Aragon.
Afonso IV of Portugal transferred the title of the religious parish to the Knights Hospitaller, in 1327, and donated Abrantes to Leonor Teles. Partners of the Master of Avis, the Abrantinos were one of the first to support the Lisboete movement of 1383, among them Fernando Álvares de Almeida, protector of the Casa de Abrantes.
King Manuel remained in Abrantes for a long period; by 1510 he conceded a new foral to the town; and his children, the Infantes Fernando and Luís were born in Abrantes. During the 16th century, Abrantes and its religious parish was one of the largest and more populous lands in the Kingdom, with 3,436 inhabitants, four convents and 13 chapels or churches within its frontiers.
In 1581, in his dislocation to Tomar, Philip II of Spain stopped in Abrantes for several days, and during his reign was responsible for the reconstruction of Abrantes' municipal buildings. It was the seat of Portuguese marquesses, one of which was an early patron of the Brazilian-born versatile scientist, naturalist and pioneering inventor-aeronaut Bartholomeu Lourenço de Gusmão.
During 1640, Abrantes was one of the first lands to declare their support for John IV of Portugal. From the 17th and 18th centuries onwards, its ancient military importance was clarified, as it was used by Portuguese and foreign armies to garrison or concentrate their forces. The village of Abrantes was captured on 24 November 1807 by French general Jean-Andoche Junot, who was awarded a ducal title for his victory by Napoleon I in 1808, and used as base for further marshaling of French forces.[2] In the Convention of Cintra (22 August 1808) the town was returned to the Portuguese.
During the reign of Joseph I (1750–1777) the village became the center of the silk industry, which prospered until 1800, designated the Academia Tubuciana.
In 1820, Abrantes supported the Liberal Revolution and celebrated the 1822 Constitution; although Miguel of Portugal did find many supporters in the municipality, no outright manifestation of support occurred in light of the Vilafrancada. In November 1862, the Santerém-Abrantes lines was opened, and by March 1868, a bridge between Abrantes and Rossio to the southern Tagus region was well underway.
An active republican center, Abrantes was the place of preparatory meetings for the 5 October 1910 Revolution, which may have contributed to the village's elevation to the status of city on 14 June 1916.
Abrantes lies in a central enclave within the Portuguese territory and a transition zone between the Ribatejo, Beira Baixa and Alto Alentejo. This location allowed development of a diversified culture, influenced by many cultures around it; Sardoal and Vila de Rei, to the north; Mação and Gavião, to the east; Ponte de Sôr and Chamusca, in the south; and Constância and Tomar in the west. Abrantes is also located along many important road and rail links throughout the country, including the Madrid-Badajoz-Lisbon railway, being at the junction with the Guarda-Abrantes line, and the Lisbon-Porto access (the A23 and Beira Baixa roadways).
Abrantes commands the highway along the Tagus valley west from Belver (in the municipality of Gavião) until Constância, occupying the crest of a hill covered with olive woods, gardens and vines; historically, the fortified town has been regarded as an important military position.
The municipality is also center of two major hydrological resources: the Tagus River, which cross the territory for 30 kilometers and the Albufeira from Castelo do Bode.
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 19 civil parishes (Portuguese: freguesias), responsible for local area development and administration of services:
It has dramatically grown since the early 20th century, from a base population of 7,255 in 1900, the population exceeded 41000 inhabitants in 2001.
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